25 Pfennig, Gemeinde Kevelaer, 1921

Notgeld began in 1914 out of necessity: coin vanished into hoards within weeks of mobilisation and towns printed their own small change because the Reichsbank could not supply enough.

By 1920 it had become something else. The shortage was easing but the collector market was not, and a town could take real marks for paper it hoped would never be presented. So the municipalities commissioned Serienscheine: lithographed sets, printed far beyond any local need, illustrated with whatever the place was proud of - a legend, a famous son, a battle, a joke in dialect. The result is the most inventive body of graphic design in the history of paper money, made by places with a few thousand inhabitants, in the years when Germany's currency was dying.

Kevelaer on the lower Rhine is the largest Marian pilgrimage site in north-west Europe: since 1642 a small printed image of Our Lady of Luxembourg has drawn hundreds of thousands of walkers a year. The note shows a pilgrim leaning on his staff above the town, with the Low German line dor hör ek thüss - there I belong.